What Is Tooth Sensitivity?

Tooth sensitivity, also known as dentin hypersensitivity, is a common dental problem characterised by discomfort or pain when your teeth are exposed to certain stimuli. This can include extreme temperatures, acidic or sweet foods and drinks, or even powerful gusts of cold air.

The pain associated with tooth sensitivity is usually sharp and sudden, but it can vary from person to person. Some people may only experience mild discomfort, while others may find the pain almost unbearable.

Anatomy of a Tooth

To understand why tooth sensitivity occurs, it’s essential to know the basic structure of a tooth. A tooth consists of several layers:

• Enamel
  This is the outermost layer of a tooth, and it’s the hardest substance in the human body. It acts as a protective barrier for the underlying layers of the tooth.
• Dentin
  Beneath the enamel is the dentin, a softer and more porous substance. Dentin contains tiny tubules that lead to the tooth’s nerve center, making it highly sensitive to external stimuli.
• Pulp
  This is the innermost part of a tooth, housing the tooth’s nerves and blood vessels.
• Cementum
  This thin layer of tissue covers the tooth root beneath the gum line, providing additional protection.

When the protective enamel layer erodes or the gums recede, dentin can become exposed, leading to tooth sensitivity.

Common Causes of Tooth Sensitivity

Several factors can lead to tooth sensitivity but let’s explore some of the most common ones:

• Excessive Tooth Brushing

  Brushing your teeth too hard or using a medium or hard-bristled toothbrush can wear away your enamel over time, exposing the dentin and causing sensitivity. It can also cause gum recession, which further exposes the tooth’s root and increases sensitivity.

• Acidic Foods and Drinks

  Frequent consumption of highly acidic foods and drinks can gradually dissolve tooth enamel, leading to dentin exposure. Similarly, acidic mouthwashes can also harm weakened enamel and deteriorate it over time.

• Teeth Grinding

  Also known as bruxism, teeth grinding can gradually wear down your enamel, exposing the sensitive dentin and leading to tooth sensitivity.

• Gum Disease

  Gum disease, or periodontal disease, can cause your gums to recede, exposing the tooth roots and leading to sensitivity.

• Tooth Decay and Cavities

  When cavities form due to tooth decay, they can expose the dentin and cause sensitivity. Similarly, broken or chipped teeth can also expose the dentin and pulp, leading to increased sensitivity.

• Recent Dental Procedures

  Dental procedures such as cleanings, root canals, or the placement of crowns can also cause temporary tooth sensitivity.

• Use of Whitening Products

  Both professional and at-home teeth whitening treatments can cause temporary sensitivity. However, if used excessively, these products can lead to prolonged sensitivity.

How to Alleviate Tooth Sensitivity

Here are several ways to manage tooth sensitivity, ranging from at-home remedies to professional dental treatments.

• Your Brushing Techniques and Toothpaste
  A good start is to switch to a soft-bristled toothbrush and use gentle, circular brushing motions to clean your teeth. Also, consider using toothpaste specifically designed for sensitive teeth. These toothpastes often contain ingredients that can help lessen sensitivity with regular use.
• Food and Diet Intake
  Reducing the intake of acidic foods and drinks can help lessen enamel wear and sensitivity. If you do consume something acidic, wait for about an hour before brushing your teeth to avoid damaging your enamel further.
• Regular Dental Visits
  Regular visits to your dentist can help detect any potential issues early and provide appropriate treatment. Your dentist can also recommend suitable products or treatments to manage your tooth sensitivity.
  Ensure to utilise your health care plan as it typically covers dental checkup, scale, and clean procedures.
• Dental Procedures
  In some cases, dental procedures may be necessary to address tooth sensitivity. These can include the application of fluoride gel or varnishes, dental bonding, or even a gum graft, depending on the cause of your sensitivity.
  In severe cases, root canal may be recommended. This procedure treats problems in the tooth’s soft core, or dental pulp, providing long-lasting relief from severe tooth sensitivity.
• Mouth Guards
  If you grind your teeth, consider getting a mouthguard to wear at night. This can help protect your teeth from further wear and tear and reduce sensitivity.

The Connection with Tooth Sensitivity and Oral Hygiene

Maintaining good oral hygiene is essential in preventing and managing tooth sensitivity. Poor oral hygiene can lead to plaque build-up, gum disease, tooth decay, and eventually tooth sensitivity.

Brushing and flossing regularly, using fluoride toothpaste, and getting regular professional cleanings can help keep your teeth and gums healthy. It’s also important to replace your toothbrush every three to four months or sooner if the bristles are frayed.

Healthy dietary habits also play a crucial role. Consuming a balanced diet and limiting sugary and acidic foods and beverages can help prevent enamel erosion and subsequent tooth sensitivity.

Myths and Truths about Tooth Sensitivity

There are several misconceptions about tooth sensitivity.

One common myth is that it’s a problem only older people deal with. The truth is, tooth sensitivity can affect individuals of any age, although it’s more common in those between 20 and 50 years old.

Another is that tooth sensitivity means you have cavities. While cavities can indeed cause sensitivity, not all sensitivity is due to cavities. In fact, many other factors can contribute to tooth sensitivity, such as enamel erosion and gum recession.

A common misconception is that sensitive teeth can’t be treated. The truth is, while tooth sensitivity can be very uncomfortable, there are effective treatments available to manage it.

Conclusion: Coping with Tooth Sensitivity

Tooth sensitivity is a common but manageable dental issue. By understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatments, you can take steps to alleviate your discomfort and protect your oral health.

Remember, good oral hygiene practices and regular dental check-ups are key to preventing and managing tooth sensitivity. Don’t let tooth sensitivity hinder your ability to enjoy life’s simple pleasures like a hot cup of coffee or a cold scoop of ice cream.

So, if you’re dealing with tooth sensitivity, take action today. Seek professional help, follow a robust oral hygiene routine, and take preventive measures to ensure that your smile remains healthy and pain-free.